As part of our ongoing commitment to inclusion; we recently took part in an Experts by Experience session led by one of our previous community voices panellist, Pamela, which focussed on the needs and rights of Deaf and hard of hearing people. The conversation offered clear and practical guidance; particularly around understanding the diversity within the Deaf community and recognising that communication access is central to cultural participation. For colleagues who were unable to attend; this article summarises the key insights.

Understanding the Difference Between “deaf” and “Deaf”

One of the first clarifications our expert shared was the distinction between “deaf” with a lowercase d and “Deaf” with an uppercase D.
People who describe themselves as “deaf” generally use the term in a medical sense; it refers to hearing levels rather than cultural identity. “Deaf” with a capital D describes those who identify as part of the Deaf community; many of whom use British Sign Language as their first language and share a rich set of cultural experiences. Deaf with a capital D to refers to people who have been deaf all their lives, or since before they started to learn to talk.

Recognising this difference helps organisations approach inclusion with sensitivity; avoiding assumptions and ensuring communication preferences are respected.

Communication Access Comes First

Communication is the foundation of inclusion for Deaf and hard of hearing people. The session emphasised that accessibility must be built into every event or activity. This includes offering BSL interpretation; providing captions for digital content; using written or visual announcements; and ensuring staff speak clearly and face the person when talking.

It is also crucial to understand that BSL is its own language; not a version of English. Interpretation should therefore be treated as a core access requirement.

Practical Do’s and Don’ts When Communicating

Our speaker shared helpful do’s and don’ts that can make communication smoother and more respectful.

Do’s:
• Do face the person directly; this supports lip reading and helps them see facial expressions.
• Do speak at a natural pace; clear speech is more helpful than exaggerated pronunciation.
• Do use gestures; visuals; and written notes where appropriate.
• Do check that the person has understood; and be patient if information needs repeating.
• Do use visual symbols to support navigation; for example a simple image of a tea or coffee cup to indicate a break. These cues reduce confusion and allow people to follow the session confidently.

Don’ts:
• Do not shout; louder speech does not make communication easier and can distort lip patterns.
• Do not turn away while speaking; this makes lip reading impossible.
• Do not cover your mouth or speak while chewing; facial visibility is essential.
• Do not assume every deaf person lip reads; uses BSL; or requires the same kind of support.
• Do not ignore questions directed through an interpreter; it's important to respond to the Deaf person themselves rather than the interpreter.

These small but meaningful behaviours help create a more welcoming environment.

Planning for Inclusive Experiences

The session encouraged us to think practically about how Deaf or hard of hearing participants experience our events. For example; ensuring lighting is bright enough for lip reading; checking that interpreters have good sightlines; reducing background noise where possible; and providing written versions of spoken content.

Simple visual tools can also make a big difference. Signs indicating breaks; lunch; restrooms; or session timings help everyone stay oriented without relying on auditory announcements.

Building a Culture of Respect and Visibility

Visibility and representation are key to meaningful inclusion. When Deaf staff members; artists; and facilitators are present and supported; it signals that the organisation values Deaf expertise. This representation must be genuine; with Deaf people involved in leadership; creative roles; and decision making processes.

The session also reminded us to avoid assumptions. Each person has their own communication style; and the best approach is always to ask politely what works for them.

Strengthening Accessibility Across the Organisation

Supporting Deaf and hard of hearing communities also means reviewing internal systems. Are videos captioned. Are booking processes accessible. Are event instructions available in written form. Are staff trained in Deaf awareness. These steps help remove barriers and demonstrate a commitment to long term change.

Working Together Toward Equal Participation

The session offered a valuable reminder that accessibility is not about doing the minimum; it is about ensuring that Deaf and hard of hearing people can participate fully and confidently. Through clear communication; thoughtful planning; and respect for Deaf culture and language; arts and cultural organisations can create spaces that are not just accessible; but genuinely inclusive.

About the project partners

Rosetta Arts

A long-established arts organisation and hub based in West Ham. Learn more about Rosetta Arts on their website.

Centrala

An arts and culture organisation and space based in Birmingham working with the Central and Eastern European (CEE) communities. Learn more about Central on their website.

Roma Support Group

Providing various levels of support for Roma communities across the UK. Learn more about Roma Support Group on their website.